ArticleAuthors: Phan Thi Phuong Hoa; Satoshi Managaki; Norihide Nakada; Hideshige Takada; Akiko Shimizu; Duong Hong Anh; Pham Hung Viet; Satoru Suzuki (2011-04-13)
The ubiquitous application and release of antibiotics to the environment can result in bacterial antibiotic resistance, which in turn can be a serious risk to humans and other animals. Southeast Asian countries commonly apply an integrated recycling farm system called VAC (Vegetable, Aquaculture and Caged animal). In the VAC environment, antibiotics are released from animal and human origins, which would cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). This study evaluated occurrence of ARB in the VAC environment in northern Vietnam, with quantitative analysis of antibiotic pollution. We found that sulfonamides were commonly detected at all sites. In dry season, while sulfamethazine was a m... 
